2026年新年刚过不久,就收到了几次家人和朋友通过微信转发我的视频号,内容都是关于为什么国内垃圾不需要分类了。可能是因为我2021年6月写过一篇文章“对垃圾分类要认真”。快速浏览了这些短视频,就两个感觉,第一非常振奋,国内垃圾后端处理发展神速,其二,感到一些解脱,毕竟垃圾分类是件费时费力的事情,以后分类垃圾不用那么较真了。 换言之,偶尔垃圾分类没做到位,人们也不会有负罪感了。
https://www.qlnote.com/Lucy/articles/293/
前几天父亲也转发我一个垃圾处理视频,是他一个最近回国的朋友转发他的,这个朋友还发了他一段观后感。老爸和他朋友都这么重视,促使我想尽快上网对国内垃圾处理了解个究竟。
Shortly after the 2026 Lunar New Year, I received several video posts about waste sorting innovation from folks. They were about why domestic waste no longer needs to be sorted in China. This might be because I wrote an article back in June 2021 titled "Take Waste Sorting Seriously." After browsing these videos, I had two immediate reactions: first, I felt very excited—the technology of China’s backend waste processing has made a huge breakthrough; second, I felt a sense of relief, since waste sorting is indeed time & energy-consuming. It seems that garbage classification is a relatively easy task. In other words, people won't feel guilty if they occasionally fail to sort their garbage properly.
A few days ago, my father also forwarded me a similar video on waste treatment, which had been sent to him by a friend who recently returned to China. This friend even included his very positive reflections after watching it. Given how seriously both my father and his friend took this issue, I looked into more information about the exciting progress online to understand the full picture.

https://www.toutiao.com/video/7526928471914758710/
通过多方面学习加问询AI, 我了解到以下几点:
Through extensive learning and inquiries to AI, I have gained the following insights:
(VIP) 重要人物
在中国垃圾分类与垃圾处理技术的发展中,杜祥琬院士在垃圾焚烧发电技术领域取得了突破性成就。
In the development of waste sorting and waste treatment technologies in China, academician Du Xiangwan has made breakthrough achievements in the field of waste-to-energy incineration technology.

(一) 以往回顾 Review of the Past
Given that waste incineration generates dioxins and fly ash, the prevailing notion at that time was that addressing the waste management issue necessitated initiating control measures at the source through classification. When waste can be thoroughly classified in accordance with scientific criteria (front-end processing), subsequent problem-solving (back-end processing) will consequently become comparatively more straightforward.
2010年,导演王久良通过影片《垃圾围城》,揭露了一个扎心的真相——北京正在被垃圾所包围,光北京一个城市,一天时间就能够产生8000吨没法处理的垃圾。当时的中国有大概三分之二的城市被垃圾填埋场包围。
为什么那时不推广焚烧垃圾,主要是因为相比垃圾填埋的隐患,垃圾焚烧处理不当会带来两个严重问题。
一个是产生以二噁英为主的强毒性有害气体,另一个是产生包含氯盐、重金属等危险废物的飞灰。两者都会对生态环境和人体健康造成严重威胁。
所以当时的思路,是想要解决垃圾问题,必须从源头分类上开始管理。当垃圾能够完全按照科学标准分类(前端),那后续的解决问题(后端)也会变得相对简单些。

(二) 技术突破:焚烧能力质的飞跃 Technological breakthrough- in incineration capacity
近年来,中国在垃圾焚烧技术上实现关键突破,推动处理模式根本性转变:
1. 通过循环流化床燃烧技术,将焚烧炉内的温度提升到了1100摄氏度,在这个温度下99%以上的二噁英都会被分解,低于欧盟标准,有效控制了二噁英的产生和排放。
Through circulating fluidized bed combustion technology, the temperature inside the incinerator is raised to 1100 degrees Celsius, at which over 99% of dioxins are decomposed, falling below the EU standards and effectively controlling the generation and emission of dioxins.
2. 飞灰的处理已从传统的“固化填埋”转型为多种分解再利用。 其中,上海研发的FAST工艺可实现飞灰在产生端原位减量95%,并同步回收工业盐,从源头大幅减少最终处置量。(FAST工艺是“Fly Ash Salt separation and Thermal treatment”的缩写,即飞灰盐分离与热处理工艺。)
The treatment of fly ash has shifted from the traditional "solidification and landfilling" to various decomposition and reuse methods. Among them, the FAST process developed in Shanghai can achieve an in-situ reduction of 95% of fly ash at the generation end, and simultaneously recover industrial salt, significantly reducing the final disposal amount of fly ash from the source.
到了2023年,垃圾焚烧的比例提升到了近八成,绝大部分的城镇垃圾被源源不断地送进了垃圾焚烧厂。

(三) 现状矛盾:“垃圾不够烧”现象解析 Current contradictions: Analysis of the phenomenon of "not enough garbage to burn"
From 2015 to 2024, over a span of 10 years, the number of waste incineration plants in China skyrocketed from 200 to 1,066.
However, waste incineration plants have gradually transitioned from being "environmental protection projects" reliant on subsidies in the early stages to a market-oriented operation model centered on power generation, supported by subsidies, secured by processing fees, and supplemented by resource recovery.
当前,行业面临产能过剩与区域失衡的双重挑战:
2015年到2024年,10年时间,我国垃圾焚烧厂数量由200座飙升到1066座。
产能利用率不足:全国焚烧厂平均负荷仅60%左右,部分乡镇因垃圾回收成本高、供应不稳定,导致设备闲置或停运。
区域发展失衡:经济发达地区(如长三角、珠三角)垃圾热值高、需求旺盛,出现“垃圾不够烧”;而中西部及农村地区处理能力相对薄弱,依赖填埋比例仍较高。
结构性矛盾:垃圾分类成效显著(如上海干垃圾量下降17.5%),可燃物减少直接导致焚烧原料不足,部分厂通过跨区域调运或协同处理工业废物维持运转。
注:焚烧技术的飞跃解决了环保问题,垃圾处理可以变废为宝,又有政策的支持,再加上电力本身的价值,焚烧垃圾就成为了赚钱的项目,所以焚烧厂越建越多。
垃圾焚烧厂已从早期依赖补贴的“环保工程”,逐步转型为以发电为核心、补贴为支撑、处理费为保障、资源化为补充的市场化运营模式。

(四) 垃圾前端分类的重要性 The importance of front-end waste sorting
是的,国内扔垃圾仍然需要分类,但当前的实践方式和政策重点相较于前几年已发生显著变化,从“前端强制分类”逐步转向“前端引导+后端技术强化”的综合模式。
Yes, domestic waste still needs to be sorted at the front end, but the current practice and policy focus have undergone significant changes compared to previous years, gradually shifting from "mandatory front-end sorting" to a comprehensive model of "front-end guidance + back-end technology enhancement".
AI解读:垃圾分类仍有必要,但方式更灵活
政策层面:分类要求依然存在
国家层面并未取消垃圾分类制度。《固体废物污染环境防治法》等法规仍明确要求推行生活垃圾分类。北京等城市近期(2026年2月)更是强化了“不分类不收运”的刚性措施,对混装混运行为开展全链条溯源执法,追究相关责任,这表明分类在制度层面仍是核心要求。
实践层面:从“四分类”向“两分类”或“源头减量”过渡
由于居民习惯难改、后端处理能力不足等问题,过去“四分类”(可回收物、有害垃圾、厨余垃圾、其他垃圾)的严格要求在部分城市难以持续。目前,许多城市已调整策略,更注重厨余垃圾与其他垃圾的简单二分法,降低了居民的分类门槛,提高了参与度。

后端技术成为关键支撑
垃圾分类的“难”很大程度上源于“前端分、后端混”的困境。如今,后端处理技术的飞跃成为解决这一问题的核心:
智能分拣:垃圾焚烧厂普遍采用AI视觉分拣、滚筒筛、风选等自动化设备,能高效分离可回收物和有害物质,甚至能将填埋场的陈腐垃圾重新挖出焚烧,缓解“垃圾不够烧”的问题。

(五) 亲身感受分类减压 - 爱回收-爱分类 My experience of easier waste sorting - iRecycling - iSort
2025年8月19日,我在社区门口碰到一位环保志愿者,他在邀请小区住户学习使用新的回收分类箱。
这个“爱回收·爱分类”智能回收柜非常简便,通常只需遵循“扫码—投递—结算”的几步操作即可完成可回收物的投放,并获得收益。
This "iRecycling · iSorting" smart recycling bin is very convenient. Typically, you just need to follow a few steps: "scan the code - deposit - settle the payment" to complete the disposal of recyclables and earn benefits.
(以上为视频使用介绍 video guide above)
insightsinsights


以下是具体使用步骤:
Detail instructions are as follows:
扫码开箱:打开手机微信,扫描智能回收柜上张贴的二维码,即可自动打开对应的投放口。
投递垃圾:将家中的纸类、金属、塑料、织物四大类可回收物(如快递纸箱、旧报纸、易拉罐、塑料瓶、旧衣物等)投入对应的投放口。部分设备支持“全品类一次投递”,无需提前精细分类,系统会自动识别。
自动称重与结算:投递完成后,关闭箱门,设备会自动进行称重和智能识别。系统会将对应的金额实时结算到您的微信账户中,通常在几秒到一分钟内即可到账
提现收益:结算后的金额会存入您的微信账户,您可以随时在微信小程序中查询余额并提现。
主要特点与优势:
24小时开放:设备全天候运行,无论何时都能投放。
操作简单:无需下载专用APP,微信扫码即可使用,对老年人友好
即时到账:投放后收益实时结算,直观便捷
智能提示:设备内置AI识别系统,若投放错误会有语音提醒,避免误投
查询功能:在“爱回收”微信小程序中,可查询“哪些物品可投递”,解决不确定物品的分类疑问
目前,该设备已在上海、北京等多个城市社区广泛部署,服务用户数量庞大
参考 Reference:
美丽北京 - 北京首个AI智能焚烧系统上线
https://www.bevoice.com.cn/newbevoice/video1.jsp?urltype=news.NewsContentUrl&wbtreeid=1865&wbnewsid=67145
弓叶智能结算机,好料杂料分别计价!
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1MyS3YjEyi/?vd_source=0eb3d1e4e4cde62f362e720935a8c085
文明上海 关键小事 | 垃圾分类是时尚 绿色生活更精彩
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s?__biz=MjM5NTUwMzYyOA==∣=2651571097&idx=3&sn=6cf241638f68e03cb5f49cecb47f3ab0&chksm=bc8e8e9802d159954775dfbc18ccbe1c5e0897586776872b3b06e77211d1c9839a62180caa25&scene=27
老外做梦都想不到,中国的垃圾居然不用分类了!
https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1855549287714490346𝔴=spider&for=pc
有害垃圾一般都是要怎么处理的?
https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1812529855855629697𝔴=spider&for=pc
垃圾分类知识普及,有害垃圾如何处理?
https://haokan.baidu.com/v?pd=wisenatural&vid=2727729347171357818
大型纪录片《热词垃圾分类去哪了》持续为您播出
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV15Bz5BwEXp?t=19.2

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