亲历笔记 Qlnote

6月16日到7月20日，34天，北京二波疫情被生生地控制住，疫情响应级别已经由二级调整为三级。政府努力，群众配合，也许有过头或不尽之处，但是两个民生都要保，人民的生命和生活，大家都是凡人，能做到如此，感觉实属不易了。

From June 16 to July 20, the second wave of the epidemic in Beijing lasted 34 days. It was finally under control. And the response level of the epidemic was adjusted down from level two to level three. The joint efforts from the government and the folks was one of the key reasons we won the “battle”. We are all ordinary people. It was truly hard work achieved by everyone together.

这段时间值得记录一下，也正好有国外朋友想知道怎么度过二次难关的，就查查写写，总结一下个人印象深刻之处。（文章后注参考网址）

This period of time is worth to be recorded. Several foreign friends also wanted to know how people in Beijing got through the second difficulty. That is why I would like to write down what impressed me the most during this “battle”.

1. 北京西城大爷（52岁大爷🤔） Xicheng Daye (Xicheng – living in Xicheng District; Daye – an honorific title for an elderly male)

“西城大爷”是北京二波疫情本地首例确诊患者，网友称他拥有“最强大脑”：依靠自己的手机，他对5月31日至6月11日在北京所去过的地方无一遗漏回忆出来，提供了一份38人的详细名单。特别是对6月3日去了新发地购买海鲜并做了短暂停留这件事进行的准确描述，为相关部门锁定新发地市场并做出迅速反应提供了重要信息。

"Xicheng Daye" is the first local confirmed patient of the second wave of the epidemic in Beijing. Netizens said he has the "most powerful brain": relying on his mobile phone, he named every place he visited in Beijing from May 31 to June 11 and provided a detailed list of 38 people. In particular, his accurately described the fact that he went to Xinfadi to buy seafood and made a short stay on June 3. That provided an important information for the relevant departments to lock the Xinfadi market as the source and make a quick response.

说他提供信息准确，是因为信息可以用大数据验证。在行动轨迹一致的情况下，利用大数据分析相关的风险人群在哪里。二波疫情头几天检测的36万人都是利用大数据找出来的。

The big data system verified his information. The authorities traced back accordingly and analyzed where the relevant risk groups were. About 360,000 people were detected in the first few days of the second wave of epidemics via using big data.

总体看来，“西城大爷”心态好，遇事不慌，怀疑自己症状相似后，戴口罩骑车就诊，努力回忆相关信息，这都是对他人的负责，社会责任感强，应该给个大赞👍。

On the whole, the "Xiecheng Daye" was not panic and considerate for the situation. After finding he got similar symptoms, he wore a mask and went to the hospital by riding a bicycle and tried hard to recall relevant information. He has a strong sense of social responsibility. We should give him applause. 👍.

2. “饿了么“快递小哥 – （47岁小哥🤔）"eleme APP" Delivery Man (eleme APP is a popular meal takeout platform)

6月23日，北京公布了一名确诊外卖小哥的送餐轨迹：“47岁......平均每天接50单左右，每日7时至21时工作，然后骑电动车接妻子回家”。不少网友对小哥的日常直呼心酸。这位外卖骑手孔先生在外卖行业已工作三年，而他也是一名获五星好评的优秀骑手。配送过程中，他全程佩戴口罩，集体做核酸检测后才得知被感染。外卖平台回应骑手确诊：不会被开辞退，之前并非带病上岗，患病期间公司给配备了特殊保障保险。至于网友热议的“每天送50单太辛苦”，平台表示，公司有智能调度系统，这是正常单量。

On June 23, the delivery track of an infected delivery man was shared: "47 years old...who has an average of 50 pickups per day, works from 7 am to 9 pm every day, and rides an electric bike to take his wife home after work." Many netizens have compassion about the man’s hard daily life. This takeaway rider, Mr. Kong, has been working in the takeaway industry for three years, and he is also an excellent rider with five-star feedbacks. During the delivery process, he wore a mask all the way and learned that he was infected after collectively doing a nucleic acid test. The takeaway platform responded to the rider’s positive test result: he will not be fired, and he did not go to work with an illness before. During the illness, the company provided special protection insurance. As for the hotly discussed "sending 50 orders a day is too hard", the platform stated that the company has an intelligent scheduling system, 50 is a normal order quantity.

生活不易，每个人都在努力！ 6月15日至29日两周内，北京已完成外卖、快递等人员核酸检测采样118万人。

Life is not easy, everyone is working hard! Within two weeks from June 15th to 29th, Beijing has completed nucleic acid testing and sampling of 1.18 million people in take-out and express delivery personnel.

3. 石景山万达崩溃女患 Shijingshang Wanda Collapsed Female Patient

7月2日一位无症状感染女子到石景山万达广场购物，先后进入理发店、女装店、内衣店和味千拉面餐厅就餐；中午12点左右接到中日友好医院电话通知，核酸检测结果为阳性后崩溃大哭。由于被曝居家隔离期间多次破坏门磁报警器外出，遭到了公众舆论的谴责和讨伐。

On July 2, an asymptomatic infected woman went to Shijingshan Wanda Plaza for shopping, and went to the hair salon, women's clothing store, underwear shop and Ajisen ramen restaurant. She received a call from a hospital at about 12 noon. She collapsed and cried after knowing her test result was positive. It said that she repeatedly destroyed the door sensor alarm during the home isolation period, she was condemned by public opinions.

北京卫视《生命缘》栏目报道了对她的流调过程，其自述居家隔离期间多次破坏门磁报警器外出是为了去医院，因当时处在保胎的特殊状态。在救护车上冷静下来后，这位姑娘说：“觉得挺对不起大家的，没想到会感染。”

Beijing Satellite TV’s "Life" column reported on the process of her circulation. She stated that she had broken the door sensor and went out to go to the hospital several times during the home isolation because she was in a special state of fetal protection. After calming down in the ambulance, the girl said: "I feel very sorry for everyone. I didn't expect to be infected."

疫情期间，虽然我们已经努力考虑各种可能性（在家隔离期间需就诊，可由街道居委会等相关隔离负责单位陪同就诊），但是还是有很多特殊情况，需要总结如何应对。有些人非常需要增加社会责任感，为此女患隔离数百人，造成很大本可避免的损失。

During the epidemic, although we have tried to consider various possibilities (seeing a doctor during the home isolation period, the patient in urgent situation should be accompanied by neighborhood committee or volunteer with certain medical knowledge? Or calling ambulance or police? ), but there are still some different cases happened, and it is necessary to summarize and formulate how to solve these problems. At the same time, some people, like this lady, really need to increase their sense of social responsibility. Their reckless actions bring huge bad impact to others.

4. 疾控调查组的流调人员 Expert Team for Epidemiological Survey

以上三位的遭遇在本次二波疫情报道中给我留下了较深印象。随着对他们情况的确认了解，除了医务工作者，我看到了疫情中的更多幕后英雄，也被称作疫情中的逆行者。

The above three cases impressed me a lot. Along with knowing more details, in addition to medical workers, I saw more behind-the-scenes heroes in the epidemic, also known as counter-marching people in the epidemic.

流调是流行病学调查的简称。这些疾控人员，除了采样、检测、消毒人员之外，还有负责现场调查和疫情分析的流行病学专业人员。他们到现场开展调查，与患者面对面地进行交流，询问患者在发病前后的一些暴露情况、接触情况以及活动轨迹、就医情况，寻找与传染源、传播途径有关的蛛丝马迹。这样可以描绘一个清晰的传播链，为判定密切接触者、采取隔离措施以及划定消毒范围提供依据。简而言之，他们的工作就是在发现确证病患后，第一时间快速了解到详细信息，并及时做出判断。

We know how brave and great the disease control personnel are during the virus spread. In addition to the sampling, testing, and disinfection teams, there are also some experts who are responsible for on-site epidemiological investigation and epidemic analysis. They went to the scene to conduct investigations, communicated face-to-face with the patients, asked about some of the patients' exposure, contact status, activity trajectory, and medical treatment before and after the onset, and looked for clues related to the source of infection and the route of transmission. In this way, a clear chain of transmission can be depicted, providing a basis for determining close contacts, adopting isolation measures, and delimiting the scope of disinfection. In short, their job is to quickly learn detailed information and make judgments in time after finding confirmed patients.

在以上三个实例中，流调人员为了尽快搞清传播链，找到密切接触者，迅速阻断疫情传播，都在日以继夜地工作着，如同医务人员一样，把自己置身于危险之中。我觉得北京能在一个多月的时间里就控制住了二波疫情，他们功不可没。

For the above three cases, in order to find out the chain of transmission as soon as possible, find close contacts, and quickly stop the spread of the epidemic, the investigators are working around the clock, just like medical staff, putting themselves in danger. I think they have contributed a lot for that Beijing was able to control the second wave of the epidemic in one month.

5. 疫情应急响应与分级分区管控 Epidemic Emergency Response and Hierarchical Zoning Management & Control

耳熟能详，这半年疫情播报中经常听这几个词，但对具体意义不甚了解，也学习了一下。
应急响应机制--是由政府推出的针对各种突发公共事件而设立的各种应急方案，通过该方案使损失减到最小。应急响应机制强度由一级至四级依次减弱。

I have often listened to these words in the past six months, but I don't know much about the specific meaning, and I also learned a bit.
Emergency response mechanism is a variety of emergency plans launched by the government in response to various public emergencies, through which losses can be minimized. The intensity of the emergency response mechanism is gradually weakened from one to four.

6月16日晚间，北京市将突发公共卫生事件应急响应级别从三级上调为二级。面对二波疫情，北京并未采取大范围封锁措施，而是采取精准化的疫情防控措施，力图在防控疫情和恢复经济社会秩序之间取得平衡。北京上调二级响应后，又发布15项加强防控措施。这些有针对性的措施，对尽快控制住二波疫情和稳定企业民心非常有作用。

On the evening of June 16, Beijing raised the emergency response level for public health emergencies from Level 3 to Level 2. In the face of the second wave of epidemics, Beijing did not adopt large-scale blockade measures, but adopted precise epidemic prevention and control measures in an effort to strike a balance between epidemic prevention and control and restoration of economic and social order. After raising to level 2 response, Beijing issued 15 additional measures to strengthen prevention and control. These targeted measures are very effective in controlling the second wave of the epidemic quickly and stabilizing the sentiment of the public and enterprises.

分级分区管控-- 根据人口等情况综合科学划分疫情等级，划小管控单元，制定差异化疫情防控和社会经济恢复措施。根据病例分布，分为低风险、中风险和高风险地区。例如，在中风险街道，快递已经无法进入小区，但未列为中高风险区域的街道仍接纳快递员进入。高风险地区人员在定点医疗机构、定点医学观察机构或居家实施严格的隔离治疗或医学观察，相关机构和社区对其进行严格管控。中风险人员严格落实居家隔离医学观察要求，自觉接受社区管理。低风险人员体温检测正常可出行和复工。

Hierarchical and zoned management and control - comprehensively and scientifically classify the epidemic situation based on population and other conditions, divide small control units, and formulate differentiated epidemic prevention & control and socio-economic recovery measures. According to the distribution of cases, it is divided into low-risk, medium-risk and high-risk areas. For example, on medium-risk streets, express delivery men have been unable to enter the community, but streets that are not classified as medium-high risk areas still accept couriers to enter. People in high-risk areas implement strict isolation treatment or medical observation at designated medical institutions, designated medical observation institutions or at home, and relevant institutions and communities shall strictly supervise their isolation. Medium-risk personnel strictly implement the requirements of medical observation by home isolation and consciously accept community management. Low-risk personnel can travel and resume work after normal temperature detection.

6. “应检尽检”“愿检尽检” “All Those Inneed are Tested”, “All Those Willing are Tested”

“早发现、早报告、早隔离、早治疗”是我们国家应对新冠肺炎疫情中积累的有益经验，而大规模的核酸检测是进行病例筛查、做到“早发现”的主要手段。疫情初始几天，北京7120个社区（村）、近10万名社区（村）工作者通过张贴公告、上门询问、电话微信联系等多种方式，排查5月30日以来曾去过新发地市场的人员。

"Early detection, early reporting, early isolation, and early treatment" are the beneficial experience accumulated in our country's response to the COVID-19 epidemic, and large-scale nucleic acid testing is for case screening and the main means of "early detection". In the first few days of the epidemic, nearly 100,000 workers in 7,120 communities (villages) in Beijing used various methods such as posting announcements, knocking on door and confirming, or calling by mobile as well using WeChat to check if people had been to Xinfadi market since May 30.

面对二波疫情，北京继续执行核酸检测“应检尽检”“愿检尽检”。从多个渠道，市民每天都可以方便查到北京疫情分区状况，这次我们居住的片区街道一直属于低风险区域，家人也没有去过新发地市场，上次大疫情后也几乎足不出户，必须外出时也是戴口罩，回家后做必要消毒功课。所以，虽然社区委员会提供了两次免费核酸检测，我们都没有参加。一是没必要浪费国家的钱，二是核算检测结果7天后就失效了，既然没有外出计划，就继续尽自己所能，支持抗疫，老实在家呆着了。

In the face of the second wave of the epidemic, Beijing continued to implement nucleic acid testing, "All those inneed to be tested, and "All those willing to be tested". From multiple channels, citizens can easily check the status of the epidemic situation in Beijing every day. The streets in the area where we live have been low-risk areas, and our family has never been to the Xinfadi market. Therefore, although the community committee provided free nucleic acid tests for who was willing to be tested two times, we did not participate. One reason was that no need to waste the country's fund, while the other was that the test result was invalid in 7 days. As no plan to go out, we will continue to stay at home as much as we can.

做到“应检尽检”“愿检尽检”，是需要有底气的。因为除了资金到位，还要有相应的场地、技术和人员支持，北京二波疫情初始，每天检测能力4万份，通过外省市支援和本地新批，26号时全市日核酸检测能力已增至45.8万份，按照科学混采检测方式，单日最高检测108.4万人。公立医疗机构核酸检测费用由每次180元降低至每次120元。截至7月16日，北京累计核酸检测已达1188万人，日检测量中“愿检尽检”占比超九成。

To achieve “All Those Inneed are Tested”, “All Those Willing are Tested” requires confidence. In addition to funding, there must be corresponding venues, technology and personnel support. At the beginning of the second wave in Beijing, the daily detection capacity was 40,000. With support from other provinces and cities and local new approvals, the city’s daily nucleic acid testing capacity had increased to 458,000 on June 26th. The highest detection rate was 1.084 million in a single day in accordance with the scientific mixed detection method. The cost of nucleic acid testing in public medical institutions has been reduced from RMB 180 per visit to RMB 120. As of July 16, Beijing’s cumulative nucleic acid testing has reached 11.88 million, and "All Those Willing are Tested" accounted for over 90% of the daily testing.

7. 政府疫情补贴 Government Subsidies for the COVID-19 Crisis

北京政府疫情期间的“减税降费”具体包括“税收减免”和“取消或停征行政事业性收费”两部分。2020年新增减税降费约5000亿元。对采取有效措施不裁员、少裁员、稳定就业岗位的企业，由失业保险基金给予稳定岗位补贴，简称“稳岗补贴”。北京推动金融援企政策落地释放超50亿元信贷资金支持中小微企业。各区政府有针对各自区内企业和人员的补助政策。

The policies on "Tax Reduction and Fee Reduction" formulated by Beijing government included two parts – "Tax reduction and exemption" and "Cancellation or suspension of administrative fees". In 2020, the amount of new tax cuts and deductions will be about 500 billion yuan. For enterprises that have adopted effective measures not to lay off employees, reduce layoffs, and stabilize employment positions, unemployment insurance funds will provide stable job subsidies, referred to as "Post Stabilization Subsidies". Beijing has promoted the implementation of financial aid policies to release more than 5 billion yuan of credit funds to support small, medium and micro enterprises. Each district government has subsidy policies for enterprises and personnel respectively.

4月初，北京出台大型商场疫情期间资金补贴政策；5月初，北京市政府发布了关于支持中小微企业稳定就业工作的通知（2020年北京稳岗补贴政策）；“支持中小微企业16条”发布两个多月后，4月17日北京市又推出《进一步支持中小微企业应对疫情影响保持平稳发展若干措施》。这一版新政明确房租减免政策延长到4月底，与居民生活密切相关的餐馆、菜店、美容美发、便利店、修理店等，在遵守防控要求的情况下可自主决定复工复产。 7月初通知，北京中小微企业三项社保免征延长到12月底。

In early April, Beijing issued a subsidy policy for large-scale shopping malls during the epidemic; in early May, the Beijing Municipal Government issued a notice on supporting the stable employment of small, medium and micro enterprises (Beijing Stable Job Subsidy Policy in 2020); “Sixteen items to support small, medium and micro enterprises” were released in February, more than two months later, on April 17th, Beijing launched the "Measures to Further Support Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises to Maintain Steady Development in Response to the Impact of the Epidemic." This version of the new policy clarifies that the rent reduction policy will be extended to the end of April, and restaurants, vegetable shops, beauty salons, convenience stores, repair shops, etc. that are closely related to the lives of residents can independently decide to resume work and resume production under the condition of complying with prevention and control requirements. It was notified in early July that the three social insurance exemptions for Beijing's small, medium and micro enterprises were extended to the end of December.

感觉政府对微小企业有不少优惠政策，对个人的补助有，但不明显。应该是本着“授之以鱼不如授之以渔"的古训指导执行的？

I feel that the government has many preferential policies for micro-enterprises. As to the subsidies for individuals, maybe there is, but not obvious. Should it be implemented in accordance with the ancient motto of "Teaching him to fish is better than giving him a fish "?

回顾学习总结，这次北京二波疫情，与新发地批发市场关联确诊病例335例。如果没有一系列防控措施和大家的自觉响应，可能会有级数增长的病例，并在其它各省市传播开。吃一堑长一智，希望每次跟头不要摔得太狠，学习反应速度更快捷，病毒没有消灭或疫苗没有普及前，大家都不放松应该坚持的措施。这不，北京刚降级，乌鲁木齐和大连又出现了新冠疫情，今天新闻播报北京新增大连疫情关联病例1例，记得我们每个人都是疫情防控的第一责任人。

To summarize my learning, there were 335 confirmed cases associated with Xinfadi wholesale market in Beijing during the second wave of epidemic. Without a series of prevention & control measures and everyone's efforts, there may be a geometric growth cases and a spread to other provinces and cities. Hope that we can learn from our mistakes quickly, do the right thing together, keep the cautious about the virus & have good hygienic habits. See, Beijing has just been downgraded, and the epidemic has appeared in Urumqi and Dalian. Today, the news showed a new Dalian epidemic-related case in Beijing. Remember that each of us is the key person in terms of the epidemic prevention and control.